Background: Polytrauma is a major cause of long-term functional disability due to the combined effects of musculoskeletal injury, surgical intervention, prolonged immobilization, and physical deconditioning. Early and structured physiotherapy rehabilitation plays a crucial role in restoring joint mobility, muscle strength, functional independence, and quality of life. However, evidence highlighting the functional outcomes of structured rehabilitation in post-operative polytrauma patients at an individual level remains clinically valuable.

Case Presentation: A 45-year-old female sustained multiple fractures following a fall from a moving train, including right olecranon, right radial head, right proximal tibia, right fifth metacarpal, and left thumb proximal phalanx fractures. Following surgical fixation and an initial period of home-based exercises, she presented to the Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy Outpatient Department at Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation with persistent pain, restricted right elbow and knee range of motion, muscle weakness, and difficulty with weight-bearing and functional activities. Assessment included pain measurement using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), goniometric range of motion assessment, manual muscle testing, and quality-of-life assessment using the Short Form-36 (SF-36).

Intervention: The patient underwent a structured, phase-wise physiotherapy rehabilitation program for 12 weeks, focusing on pain management, progressive joint mobilization, muscle strengthening, proprioceptive training, gait training, and functional task-specific training. A home exercise program and patient education were also incorporated to improve treatment adherence and functional outcomes.

Results: Following rehabilitation, the patient demonstrated reduction in pain levels, improvement in joint range of motion, increased muscle strength, improved gait pattern, and enhanced functional independence. Outcome measures showed improvement in functional ability and physical health domains of quality-of-life assessment.

Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of early, structured, and individualized physiotherapy rehabilitation in improving functional recovery and quality of life in post-operative polytrauma patients. Physiotherapy plays an essential role as part of multidisciplinary trauma management. Further research involving larger sample sizes is recommended to develop standardized rehabilitation protocols for polytrauma patients.