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International Journal of
Yoga, Physiotherapy and Physical Education
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VOL. 11, ISSUE 3 (2026)
Assessment of shoulder pain and disability in recreational swimmers using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI)
Authors
Dr. Tooba Mohd Furqan Shaikh, Dr. Pranjal Grover
Abstract

Background: Swimming involves repetitive movements of the shoulder, which may contribute to shoulder pain and functional limitations. Shoulder problems can occur in swimmers due to repeated upper limb movements during swimming. However, limited studies have focused on shoulder pain and disability among recreational swimmers using a standardized assessment tool such as the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI).

Objective: To study shoulder pain and disability among recreational swimmers using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI).

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 51 recreational swimmers aged 18–40 years. Participants were selected using convenience sampling. Data were collected using a structured case record form, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). The dominant shoulder was assessed for all participants. The SPADI questionnaire was administered through an interview method. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 27.43 ± 7.13 years and the mean VAS score was 3.33 ± 2.25. The mean SPADI pain score was 17.29 ± 12.62%, the mean SPADI disability score was 10.98 ± 8.16%, and the mean total SPADI score was 13.40 ± 9.46%. SPADI assessment showed that 64.71% of participants had minimal pain, 33.33% had mild pain, and 1.96% had moderate pain. For disability, 84.31% had minimal disability and 15.69% had mild disability.

Conclusion: The majority of recreational swimmers demonstrated minimal shoulder pain and disability. Although some participants reported mild pain and disability, the overall level of shoulder-related symptoms and functional limitation was low in the studied group.
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Pages:134-138
How to cite this article:
Dr. Tooba Mohd Furqan Shaikh, Dr. Pranjal Grover "Assessment of shoulder pain and disability in recreational swimmers using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI)". International Journal of Yoga, Physiotherapy and Physical Education, Vol 11, Issue 3, 2026, Pages 134-138

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Assessment of shoulder pain and disability in recreational swimmers using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) | International Journal of Yoga, Physiotherapy and Physical Education