Background: Scapular stability and optimal shoulder function are critical determinants of throwing performance and injury prevention in javelin throwers. Conventional exercise programs have been widely used to improve shoulder strength and function; however, targeted interventions such as Closed Kinetic Chain (CKC) exercises and advanced Thrower’s Ten (TT) exercise protocols may offer added benefits by enhancing neuromuscular control and dynamic stability of the scapulothoracic and glenohumeral systems.

Objective: To compare the effects of Closed Kinetic Chain exercises combined with a conventional exercise versus advanced Thrower’s Ten exercises combined with conventional exercise on scapular stability and functional throwing performance in collegiate young javelin throwers.

Methods: Forty male collegiate javelin throwers aged 18–22 years were randomly allocated into two intervention groups. Group A received a CKC exercise program integrated with conventional conditioning, while Group B performed advanced Thrower’s Ten exercises alongside the same conventional exercise protocol. Interventions were conducted over an 8-week period, with sessions held 4 times per week. Outcome measures included functional throwing performance index and modified lateral scapular slide test. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were performed.

Results: Both intervention groups demonstrated significant improvements in scapular stability and functional throwing performance after the 8-week training period (p < 0.05). Group B (advanced Thrower’s Ten + conventional exercise) showed greater enhancements in dynamic scapular control and throwing distance compared to Group A (CKC + conventional exercise) (p < 0.05). Additionally, the Thrower’s Ten group exhibited superior gains in rotator cuff endurance and proprioceptive function.

Conclusion: Incorporating advanced Thrower’s Ten exercises alongside conventional training appears to produce more pronounced improvements in scapular stability and functional throwing performance in young collegiate javelin throwers than Closed Kinetic Chain exercises combined with conventional exercise. These findings support the use of sport-specific, multi-planar strengthening protocols in the conditioning programs of overhead athletes to optimize performance and reduce injury risk.