Introduction: Diabetic amyotrophy, also known as diabetic Lumbosacral Radiculoplexus Neuropathy, is a rare and disabling neurological complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by acute onset pain, progressive proximal lower limb weakness, and functional decline. Although medical management is well described, literature highlighting the role of structured physiotherapy rehabilitation remains limited. This case report aims to describe the effectiveness of a phase-wise physiotherapy intervention in improving functional outcomes in a patient with diabetic amyotrophy.

Methodology: A 56-year-old male with a 12-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with severe unilateral thigh pain, muscle wasting, and difficulty in ambulation. Clinical examination, nerve conduction studies, and electromyography confirmed the diagnosis of diabetic amyotrophy. The patient underwent an 8-week individualized physiotherapy rehabilitation program focusing on pain management, muscle activation, progressive strengthening, balance training, gait retraining, and functional task-oriented exercises. Outcome measures included pain intensity (VAS), muscle strength (Medical Research Council scale), and functional performance assessed using the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS).

Results: Following the physiotherapy intervention, significant improvements were observed across all outcome measures. Pain intensity reduced from 8/10 to 2/10 on the VAS. Muscle strength of the affected hip flexors and knee extensors improved from grade 2/5 to 4/5 on the MRC scale. Functional ability showed marked improvement, with LEFS scores increasing from 18/80 at baseline to 62/80 post-intervention. The patient progressed from assisted ambulation with a walker to independent walking without support.

Discussion: The findings of this case highlight the critical role of early and structured physiotherapy rehabilitation in managing diabetic amyotrophy. Pain modulation facilitated early active participation, while progressive strengthening and functional training addressed neuromuscular deficits and mobility limitations. This case supports existing evidence that individualized physiotherapy intervention can significantly enhance recovery, reduce disability, and improve quality of life in patients with this rare diabetic neuropathy.